The Impact of Mental Models and Artificial Intelligence–Based Planning on the Development of Match Performance in Handball

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and strategic planning in building and developing mental models (tactical, perceptual, executive, and emotional) of handball players, and to measure the resulting impact on tangible athletic performance indicators. The study used a descriptive (survey and analytical) methodology on a sample of 120 high-competition level players, divided into two groups (experimental and control). It relied on integrated tools, including AI-based video analysis software (such as Catapult), mental performance observation forms, and digital mental model tests. The results showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in favor of the experimental group across all mental model measures, with a very large effect size (Cohen's d exceeded 2.4). The experimental group also recorded significant improvement in actual performance, such as shooting accuracy (+32.5%), defensive positioning (+28.7%), and speed of balance recovery (+40.1%), compared to the control group. The integrative analysis of technical and mental data revealed causal links between cognitive improvement and executive enhancement. The study confirms the effectiveness of an integrated methodology combining AI and strategic planning in systematically and scientifically reshaping players' mental models, leading to substantial and sustainable performance improvements. It recommends adopting this integrative methodology as a core part of training and development programs in sports clubs and federations.